Acknowledgments; Preface; Abbreviations and Conventions for Quotations; Chapter One Basic Remarks about the Phonological System and Sound Laws; 1.1. The Essential Outcomes of PIE Syllabics and Laryngeals; 1.2. The Essential Outcomes of the other PIE Non-Syllabics; 1.3. The Tocharian B Accent; 1.3.1. The verbal accent in forms with attached clitic pronouns; 1.4. Vowel Balance and Related Phenomena in Tocharian A; 1.5. a-Umlaut; 1.6. Umlaut Leading to TA/TB o; 1.7. Further Aspects of Palatalization; 1.8. Gemination; 1.8.1. Word-internal gemination at strong morpheme boundaries.

1.8.2. Gemination at word boundariesChapter Two General Introduction into the Tocharian Verbal System; 2.1. The Grammatical Categories of the Tocharian Verb; 2.2. Grundverb and Kausativum; 2.3. A-Character vs. Non-A-Character; 2.4. Ablaut; Chapter Three The Verbal Endings; 3.1. The PIE Verbal Endings; 3.2. The Endings of the Present and Subjunctive Stems; 3.2.1. Active; 3.2.2. Middle; 3.3. The Endings of the Preterit(/Imperfect) Stems; 3.3.1. Active; 3.3.2. Middle; 3.4. The Endings of the Imperative Stems; 3.4.1. Active; 3.4.2. Middle; 3.5. The Dual Endings; 3.6. The Non-finite Forms.

3.6.1. Gerundive3.6.2. Privative; 3.6.3. Infinitive; Chapter Four Valency; 4.1. Grundverb, Antigrundverb, and Kausativum; 4.1.1. Kausativum I; 4.1.2. Kausativum II; 4.1.3. Kausativum III; 4.1.4. Kausativum IV; 4.2. Valency; 4.3. Causativity, Voice, and Valency in PIE; 4.4. Tocharian Causatives (the Kausativum); 4.4.1. A peculiar case of kausativum formation (katk(a)- ); 4.4.2. Translations of Sanskrit causatives and the periphrastic construction with yam-; 4.5. Another Kind of Valency Change by Stem Alternation (the Antigrundverb); 4.5.1. The antigrundverb.

4.6. Two Morphonological Traits Found With Kausativa4.6.1. The initial accent in Tocharian B; 4.6.2. Initial palatalization; 4.7. Valency and Voice; 4.7.1. Intransitive verbs and voice; 4.7.2. Simple voice alternation denoting valency alternation; 4.8. Double Marking of Valency Alternation by Voice and Stem Formation; 4.9. Valency Change without Voice or Stem Marking; 4.9.1. iya- 'go, travel', 'lead, cause to go' (itr/tr); 4.9.2. ABkatk(a) 'cross, pass' (tr/itr); 4.9.3. Basically transitive media tantum acting as reflexive middles.

4.10. Formations Independent of the Basic Valency of the Stem?4.10.1. The imperative; 4.10.2. The infinitive; 4.10.3. Figura etymologica; 4.10.4. Directional obliquus with verbs of motion; 4.11. Kausativum III; Chapter Five Voice; 5.1. The PIE Middle; 5.2. The Tocharian Middle; 5.2.1. Activa tantum and media tantum; 5.2.2. Transitive middle vs. intransitive active; 5.2.3. Interference of anticausative middle and other middle functions; 5.2.4. Middle variants of active forms without detectable function; Chapter Six The Root Preterit

Class 0; Chapter Seven The a-Preterit

Class I.